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Themes & Methods

System Dynamics

A System: An interconnected set of elements that is coherently organized in a way that achieves a goal.

 

Understanding systems is understanding the relationship between the structure and the behavior. Systems are embedded within each other.

Social Ecological Systems

“It is now clear that patterns of productions, consumption and wellbeing develop not only from economic and social realization within and between regions but also depend on the capacity of other regions’ ecosystems to sustain them” (Folk)

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Social Ecological Systems are a methodology that looks to relate social issues, ecological issues, and the economy together because they are the building blocks to society: a resilient and

sustainable society.

 

“Resilience [is] the capacity to persist within such a domain in

the face of change” (Folk)

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In order to understand the system, you need to understand the ecosystem dynamics. This is a system methodology that is inter-scaler between both time and distance because social ecological systems connected everything and are affected by everything.

 

Between these scales, there needs to be a management system looking out for all benefactors, or else the system will not be able to replenish and it will change or fall apart.

Leverage Points

Leverage points are points of power and places to intervene in a system. However, a lot of the time they are used in damaging ways because of the complexity.

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  1. Transcending Paradigms (Flexibility Beyond)

  2. Paradigms (The mind-set out of the system)

  3. Goals

  4. Self-Organization

  5. Rules (Incentives, Punishments, Constraints)

  6. Information Flows (Education)

  7. Reinforcing Feedback Loops

  8. Balancing Feedback Loops

  9. Delays

  10. Stock-and-Flow Structures

  11. Buffers (Sizes of Stabilizing Stocks Relative to Flow

  12. Numbers (Subsidies, Taxes, Standards)

Resources

Resources

Gunderson, L. H., & Holling, C. S. (Eds.). (2002). Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems  

 

    Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in systems: a primer. White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Publishing.

 

Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002

 

    Beilin, R., & Wilkinson, C. (2015). Introduction: Governing for urban resilience. Urban Studies, 52(7), 1205–1217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015574955

 

Andersson, E., Barthel, S., Borgström, S., Colding, J., Elmqvist, T., Folke, C., & Gren, Å. (2014). Reconnecting cities to the biosphere: stewardship of green infrastructure and urban ecosystem services. Ambio, 43(4), 445–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0506-y

 

    Walker, B. H., & Salt, D. (2006). Resilience Thinking: Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World. Washington, DC: Island Press.

 

Hovmand, P. S. (2014). Community Based System Dynamics. New York, NY: Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8763-0


 

Forrester, J. W. (2007). System dynamics—a personal view of the first fifty years. System Dynamics Review, 23(2–3), 345–358. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.382


Scriptapedia - https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Scriptapedia

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